In the preceding examples, the utilitarian ethical perspective is used to justify positions on human copy related to perceived outcomes (benefits) from the practice Smart 92). In contrast, the deontological ethical perspective is used to justify opposition to human cloning because the practice would breach independent object lesson rules and moral duties accepted by civilized society (Ross 155).
This essay examines the conglomerate positions on the issue of human cloning within a framework of ethics theory and principles. The thesis of this essay is that the arguments oppose the practice of human cloning are more convincing than are the arguments promoting the practice.
It is important to note that proponents of the process of human cloning frequently differentiate between procreative cloning and cure cloning. Reproductive human cloning is a process wherein a whole entity is produced. In contrast, therapeutic human cloning is a process that involves the production of only a partial entity. In therapeutic human cloning, the embryo would not develop into a complete entity (Szoke 6).
Therapeutic human cloning is linked
Smart, J. J. C. "An Outline of a System of utile Ethics". In Giersson, H., and Holmgren, M. (Eds.). Ethical Theory: A succinct Anthology. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2000.
Another significant problem affecting utilitarian paygrade is the identification of the consequences of an act. It is often difficult to the point of impossibility to secern all of the consequences of a ad hoc act. The problem is especially applicable to long-term outcomes. When the incident occurred in mid-1989, as an example, it was difficult, if not impossible, to position all of the consequences that would eventually derive from the Alaska petroleum spill that bemire Prince William Sound.
A utilitarian evaluation in 1989 of the justifications of the actions that led to the oil spill, thus, would have been incomplete, speculative, or both. Utilitarian philosophy is relatively primary in concept. It is often difficult, however, to apply utilitarian philosophy to specific actions, and it is often even more difficult to develop a consensus of the parties concerned as to the validity of a utilitarian evaluation. When one is considering the process of human cloning, the researchers themselves do not know on the nose what the outcomes will be. The animal cloning experiments have led to some(prenominal) unexpected and undesirable outcomes. Bioethicists such as Edwards (399) contend that human cloning should not be permitted at present because of the unbelief surrounding the outcomes. Under other circumstances, Edwards (400) might be a proponent of human cloning. Doubts within the community that promotes human cloning strengthens the moral arguments of the opponents of the process.
It is important to understand that the distinction between reproductive human cloning and therapeutic human cloning is found on the outcomes of the human cloning procedure rather than being based on the human cloning procedure per se. As a consequence, opponents of the process of human cloning are un
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