The Intriguing World of Soccer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Intriguing World of association foot eggs - Essay ExampleIn soccer, anything dismiss happen and all the enthusiasm, spirit and energy involved in the game make the blood of the men rush to their brains. The big, fast and muscular men chasing the soccer ball is more than what it seems t o be. Soccer is the fastest game and is the most watched sport in the solely humanity. The reputation and fame which soccer holds is give nonicenot be equivalent to any other sport in the world. Even though, it can be injurious to health many a times, the intense energy and spirit it offers to the world makes it an priceless sport. The world cup is the largest sports event in the world, which showcases soccer as a game and the future world cup is being hosted by Qatar in 2022..Qatar is an Arab country with immensely rich culture and Qatar nationals love to show their cultural heritage passionately. The country look outs Islam as their religion and 90% of their people belong to the same reli gion. We can find elements of Bedouin culture in Qatar and this country was earlier engaged in fishing and pearl hunting. They follow a Sharia law and have their typical Arabic cuisine which mainly consists of seafood and dates. According to (Weill Cornell) Qatar is a traditional country experiencing rapid social changes. When Arab men meet, they usually shake hands. A man does not generally shake hands with a woman.

Movie on Social Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Movie on Social Network - Essay ExampleFacebook is one of the most leading social networking websites. According to a survey it has more than 800 million active members. But the Facebook did not come from thin air analogous that. In fact the idea evolved from Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook. On October 2003, crossing Zuckerberg while attending Harvard as an undergrad made this site in which pictures of girls from the nine houses, placing two next to each other were compared as calefacient or not. However, authorities took notice and Mark was charged for violating rules and breaching security.But this incident gave Mark his first recognition. though initially promising his expert programming skills in making a social network HarvadConnections.com to his seniors, Mark changed his mind. And with the help of his friends especially Eduardo Saverin , who was the co founder and did the initial investment, launched The FACEBOOK. During the course time Mark met the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who aware him on various matters. And in summer 2004, base of operations was shifted to California Investors like Peter Theil from PayPal invested in and THE FACEBOOK became FACEBOOK. By that time it had over 300,000 members, 160 schools including 5 in Europe. Various features like relationship status, nonstop flight server, tagging pictures and the wall were introduced. At this time shares were allotted, Mark 51%, Eduardo 34.4%, and Sean7 % and so on. Later Eduardo 34.4%, were diluted to0 .03% and was thrown proscribed of the company as more companies were coming in, and Sean became the President of the company (Fincher, 2010). Celebrating their millionth member party Sean was caught by the cops on using drugs. At that point, the seniors from Harvard had filed a case in the federal court against the facebook, and claimed that it was initially their idea. Eventually, they have settlement money and signed a non

The Discord of Relativism in Relation to Universal Wrongs Essay

The Discord of Relativism in Relation to Universal Wrongs - Essay warningBut ultimately there argon conduct and actions that ar acceptable or at the actually least inoffensive and which holds in it a universal truth of applicability. In a rently opposite rationalization of the same concept, there are things that are inherently wrong no matter which corner of the world the same is committed. Lenn Goodman in Some Moral Minima exemplified on the assumption that there are inherently wrong things that would never pass any test of appropriateness. This assertion was based on four instances Goodman relates as Deserts or expressions which distinguish human beings. His discourse on the verity of this proposition revolved more or less 1. genocide and induced famine, 2. terrorism and other acts such as hostage taking, 3. slavery, incest and polygamy and 4. rape and clitoridectomy or the removal of a females pleasure organ. The author recognizes the commonality among the enlisted illustra tion of wrongful acts because altogether the wrongs my proposed norms speak against drag with them some violation of the truth. Not that truth is somehow the arch-imperative from which all others rise, as if by deduction. But the linkage does suggest a way of looking at (or looking for) key lesson norms (Goodman, 2010, p.92). Essentially this list is in direct contradiction to relativism which suggests that what constitutes right and wrong is dependent upon every culture, individual or society. This truly is an appealing take on honorable perspectives because it creates a very wide fuzee to exonerate wrongful acts as long as they are permitted at any one exception. It qualifiedly extinguishes the note between right and wrong whenever relativism is accurately applied. This approach seems to allow us to avoid having to defend ethical claims that can be difficult to defend however, others maintain that relativism has certain crippling problems (Mosser, 2010, p.11). The adherence to relativism would render the argument of Goodman devoid of any merit in the same way that Goodmans proposition is in direct contradiction to relativism. Goodman did make a direct mention of relativism as the same was inevitable due to the counterpoint between the concepts. There are cultural and individual distinctions which qualify and fundamentally affect the customs of average life. But emphasis was divulged in that people can deliberately perplex every habituated maculation to distort the same through the simplistic reasoning that is anchored in relativism. There are objective set that are to be upheld above all others. This is not to say that they are absolutely unjustified however that they are not to be used indiscriminately. The opposition to relativism in the essay was delved into with Goodmans suggestion that polygamy is among those that are simply wrong. Relativists will say that romantic love and companionate marriage are recent inventions, culture-bound and fra ught with troubles of their own But to say that an institution has a history or cultural setting does not imply that any alternative to it is equally humane (2010, p.91). This is among the arguments that I do agree with. Yes, it may be true that divorce does occur and it is virtually available in all countries, but this does not in any way lessen the value given to marriage by any culture. There are different rituals that occur and the celebration of which vary accordingly but this only goes to show that the same is given much import. Polygamy is even perhaps among the reasons which perpetuate the truth in why Goodman states

Philosophy (Theory of knowledge) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy (Theory of knowledge) - Essay ExampleFirst, causality is an objective and powerful decision tool for all body in any areas of feeling. As written by several authors, I believe that effort is a way of knowing what is right and wrong what is true and non true what is valid and not valid and what is good and bad. As such, anybody could be guided in what to do by reasoning. For example, the decision to assistant others in need might be both good and bad. Taking for instance the giving of stand by to a sick person who is hungry. Giving the food asked is good because it will fill his hunger nevertheless this could be bad if the kind of food, the time of giving, and the way the food is to be taken are not in accordance with the doctors prescription. The reason(s) to help will assist the person in fitly deciding whether to give or not the food, and if the person should give, what kind of food when should the food be addicted and in what manner should the food be taken. Li kewise, in rearing a child, the decision whether to punish or not is based on the parents motives and manners of discipline which consist of reasons. Further, the decision of going to school and playing best is arrived if a person desires to prepare for the future. Hence, one can manage a better life by advantageously using reason as a guide in decision making.Second, reason is a clear or open inference to support claims and this is so because it is based on facts. Koukl says we set out inferences based on cause and effect, or we draw conclusions by employing the laws of rationality.1 Along this notion, Koukl cited the example that self-colored circles can not exist to emphasize the law of non-contradiction. Consequently, genuine fact is tantamount to certainty which leads to a conclusion that can not be contradicted. For example, in claiming for

Organization Attractiveness Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Attractiveness - appellative ExampleIn the general workforce, the two menti unrivalledd attributes can be said to be highly applicable to recruiting talent. This is beca intent in a well motivated organization, there is very little for employees to look outside for (Greenberg & Sweeney, 2010). Because employees retrieve all that they require by way of salary, allowances and other forms of remuneration, chances that they will be looking elsewhere aft(prenominal) settling for a new job are less. Meanwhile, the longer employees try their hands on one thing, the better they become with their talents (Silzer & Dowell, 2010). Engagement is also necessary in recruiting talent because it is the only way by which employees can have a feeling that their talents are being respected and being put to use (Felps et al., 2009).As far as talented deal are concerned, there are other attributes that stomach to their selection of one organization other the other. A working environment that encourages growth is one such attribute. This is because every talented person wants to work in an environment where original talent will not only be utilized but also nurtured to grow (Greenberg & Sweeney, 2010). Finally, competition is crucial for talented people because it forces them to always look out for more in terms of making use of what they already have.Felps, W., Mitchell, T. R., Hekman, D. R., Lee, T. W., Holtom, B. C., & Harman, W. S. (2009). upset contagion How coworkers job embeddedness and job search behaviors influence quitting. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3),

Ethos Use by Jesse Ventura to Enhance Conspiracy Theory Thesis Proposal

Ethos Use by Jesse Ventura to kick upstairs federation Theory - Thesis Proposal ExampleThe conspiracy theories captured in the series elicit a lot of mixed reactions and responses from different parties. It is in closely examining a specific part of one of the episodes that the rhetorical good luck charm of the series is revealed. Rhetorical appeals are also referred to as modes of thinking. These devices in rhetoric classify the appeal of the speaker to his or her audience. However according to Aristotle in a clear sense persuasion is close to of a demonstration because human beings are persuaded to the greatest degree when a thing is considered as having been demonstrated.However, in that location are 3 kinds of styles of inducement furnished by the verbal word The first is ethos in which persuasion was achieved through and through the personal character of the speaker when he or she speaks in a manner to birth the audience think him or her credible. On the other hand, persu asion may issue from or through the audience in instances where the speech was used to stir their emotions. This is what Aristotle labeled as pathos. Finally, Aristotle describes the kind of persuasion accomplished through the actual speech when an apparent truth or a truth has been proved employ persuasive arguments that are enough to the case in question. This mode of persuasion is known as logos.Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura is one kind of television series that leaves the audience torn between different versions of truth. The numerous, unique, as well as individualized conclusions people relation this and organizations, draw from his discussions and investigations.

Learning and talent management in an organisation Research Paper

breeding and genius instruction in an organisation - Research Paper ExampleLearning and talent management be two of them. They incorporate high importance into the organizations and their performance depends on these areas notably. With advancements of all sorts, and organizations moving into foreign groups and bowed stringed instruments, the field of talent and learning management has held more ground than ever before since these two areas concern the performance in a direct manner. Organization as a whole consists of unit of members, activities, functions, hierarchy, tools and techniques and machinery(Cannon & McGee 2010). yet the proper functioning of the abovementioned factors and entities is largely subject to management and their proper working which is usually ensured with the help of clement resource organization and department. The importance of Human Resource Management Human resources have played a vital role in every era, still in fresh times, they have become t he back of effective working and performance of an organization, the umbrella of human resource management is quite scattered and entails some entities that are directly encroachmenting the performance of organization( Sims, 2002). The two of these are the learning management and the talent management. These modern trends are fast adopted and even the small scale organization that operate in different split of the world, aim at ensuring and incorporating the factors and elements of human resource management. Their implication falls upon the other departments of organization as head and with so much global operations and functional departments, the effectiveness can be enhanced sextuple times with the usage of talent and learning management(Collings & Scullion 2011). In such situations no organization can consider surviving and excelling amongst the competitors who have employed these means as well as others for effectiveness and productivity. The supply chain mechanism, the introduction of technology and various other advancements overall have made it vital for organizations and institutes to establish talent management sections. These two areas can be incorporated into the boundaries of H.R (Human Resource) and hence it can be said that with the climax of these two areas, the H.R principles and departmental working has strengthened in parallel. These two can be termed as the modern era existence of human resource organization (reference). Talent management It is the organization and managing of the talent in terms of the personnel. Its scope entails those who come fresh to the organization, those who are already recruited. The impact of talent management is multi folds it has an impact not only on the individuals but the organization and the manner in which it operates. It brings about transparency and in force(p) working procedures in the organization with no favoritism and biases in decision making. Talent management serves as an independent depar tment and discipline and has its regular members, the top management, the persons manifold in conducting interviews, the observers, those who make decisions and those who are involved in other participatory processes (Hatum, 2010). In pasts the organizational success were largely related to resources, the policies and other variables, however in modern times if there is any variable that outweighs others, that is that of personnel and individuals involved in the organization. Winston Churchill large ago predicted and stated that in times ahead, the major decisions (Kolarevic 2003), successes in terms of organizations and overall performances in different walks of life and institutions would be largely dependent on the minds and abilities of individuals. While in past they were being unattended or their roles were

Paraphrasing an Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paraphrasing an substructure - Essay ExampleBefore impression technology was invented, authors use to write their manuscripts manually. It is straightforward that it involved a lot of time and money to handwrite books and other materials. As such, the role of print technology is pellucid spread of knowledge and literature to the whole world. This is as a result human body of books increased number of books and other educational materials.Apart from advancing the field of knowledge and information, printing has also lead to impartation of religious thoughts, magazines, and other domain areas. In Qatar, for example, there is a large numerous leading printing companies that are established primarily to provide high quality goods and services to the customer. In addition, these companies are submissive in manufacturing high quality goods and offering good terms of sale that include prices and expeditious delivery. These companies digest developed a culture of healthy competition a nd hence growth.As it has been aforementioned, printing technology has provided a comparative backbone to communication. It is estimated that apart from spoken word, written communication tops the list of the most used mode of communication. As such, Industrial and System Engineering require to lay a lot of fierceness in ensuring that written communication has its rightful place in the society.Apart from many positive impacts that the printing has caused to our societies, there are a few shortcoming of printing that require to be addressed. Most chief(prenominal) is that Printing press setups generate waste. In this case, they pollute our environment and as such, they infringe the economics and galosh principles in our society. In addition, the printing industry has been accused of violating the principles of work method and process flow guidance as processes are taking place with several non-value adding activities and without ensuring that the welfare workers is taken care of. To correct the above-mentioned shortcomings, the

The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The White tiger by Aravind Adiga - Essay ExampleBalram is a male child with little education and the urge to break international from the life of poverty and misery into which he is born. As Balram Halwai is thrust into the glittering life of the rich in Indias capital, the difference between those in his station in life and that of his employers is sharply brought into focus. This is the turning point, and it is the humiliations and injustices that he faces that finally push him into using any means to escape into a better life. As he explains In the old days there were one thousand castes...in India. These days, there are just both castes Men with Big Bellies, and Men with Small Bellies.(pg 64) Balram is determined to do whatever it takes to become a bellied man, and to this end, he resorts to bribing the police, bending the rules or even worse. After all he has learnt these lessons from his rich masters themselves I think the protagonist of Aravind Adigas novel is an entrepren eur. He has most of the qualities that are required for entrepreneurship. Balram himself lists these when he says The Indian entrepreneur has to be straight and crooked, mocking and believing, sly and sincere at the same time.(pg 9) Einstein formerly said, Imagination is more important than knowledge. (Albert Einstein Quotes) and Balram Halwai echoes this when he swears by his favourite poet Iqbals words They expect slaves because they cannot see what is beautiful. (pg 40)... His ability to think on his feet is sharply brought into focus when he alone is able to reception the inspectors questions. His ability to recall things he has seen, read and overheard and his intuition about the way they assure into the scheme of things is what is appreciated by the inspector who sees a bright future for the village lad. Balram calls himself a half(a) baked fellow because he has only a few years of schooling, and further adds that entrepreneurs are do from half baked clay. (pg 11) Balram Halwais ability to take life as it comes and seize opportunity whenever it arises is lavishly displayed as he eavesdrops on conversations at the teashops where he is forced to work, and uses the scraps of knowledge thus gained to tutor himself on the goings on in the world around him. He puts it very succinctly when he says I am a man of action and change. Overhearing that drivers were paid well and they were required in turgid numbers in the coal mining town of Dhanbad where he works in a teashop, the boy cajoled his granny into giving him the money he needed to learn how to drive a car. Although he knew that the driver who taught him was taking advantage of him and making him spend a lot of his time doing free repair jobs on taxis he stuck to his resolve to learn driving and mastered it. Having mastered driving skills was only a beginning, he had to get a drivers job in an environment where merit was no criterion. Caught up as he is, in the morass of corruption, inequality and poverty, he bides his time and waits for the right opening to wedge home the advantage. Knowing the right people and greasing the right palms was how one got a job, and the poor lad was a nobody and had no help in that department. His intuition and ability

EXPEREINCE ATTENDING A REGAEE PARTY OR CONCERT Assignment

EXPEREINCE ATTENDING A REGAEE PARTY OR CONCERT - Assignment ExampleEven the peoples clothes mirror their current extract of mind psychedelic t-shirts of all colors twisting and gamblinging, as if someone spilt buckets of color on them and accordingly let them go outside. I walk slowly among the crowd, pushing my way through to the bar, and even though the place is crowded, no one seems to mind you pushing them to pass by. They are smiling, nodding in word meaning and good mood, completely letting themselves go, losing themselves in the hypnotic power of music. The rhythm is so intense that it takes establish of you and it doesnt let go. The people resemble one huge tidal wave of color, of nations, black, white, red, yellow, it doesnt matter. This is where the unit of measurement world is united through music, they are one and I am a part of this divine unity of color. I reach the bar and ask for a drink. The bartender is a young guy, with give of an octopus, moving so quickly that you can barely see them. With the glass in my hand, I turn to the crowd and just watch them, responding to the voice of the DJ, who created a magical relationship between himself and this human tidal wave which is hypnotized by the power of love, unity and human brotherhood that this music conveys. I fold my eyes and let myself go

The Rape Charge Filed by the Complainant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rape Charge Filed by the complainant - Essay ExampleIt is the onus of the Crown to prove a guilt that erases reasonable doubt to whelm the presumption of innocence that should exceed the evidentiary threshold (Fisher, 2011, p. 811). It was only after the plump for assault that she filed the profane complaint maybe out of spite of her uncle or it might be that she finally mustered enough bravery to come out in the open to file the charge. A number of aspects in the cocktail dress R. v. W. (1991) refuse out, of which three are unusual.Firstly, the case is essentially that of which side to believe because of the lack of usual corroborating testimonies from other witnesses and this case becomes a case of his word pitted against hers. In other words, this case hinges on credibility as to which side seems to be the more truthful, the complainant or the defendant. For the jury, as sole approximates, it all boils down to practice session their best judgment based on common sens e and any prior everyday experiences as it relates to this particular case. In this regard, it is not sooner unusual for rape victims not to file any charges straightway after an incident for various reasons, such as fear of retribution or shame. It is therefore quite understood why she decided to file a complaint only after a second assault took place. Some victims even take weeks or months before finally deciding to file a complaint, a considerable lapse of time when essential forensic evidence of a crime may have disappeared.Secondly, it is quite unusual for the trial judge to warn the jury not to start deliberating hitherto as there might be some corrections pertaining to the first charge filed when it was agreed by both parties to be essentially correct and fair (error-free). What is even more unusual was a gip time that elapsed between the main charge and the re-charge, incontrovertible evidence or proof that the judge himself may have entertained some doubts as to the corr ectness of the first charge and making the re-charge or so as a second thought oran afterthought to rectify something else.

Marketing Plan for M&S Food Retails Sector Assignment

Marketing envision for M&S Food Retails Sector - Assignment ExampleAt present, it is unclear whether Marks and Spencer has an completed market. Also, it is evident that the products of the firm are still far from establishing a permanent image in the minds of the consumers. It is cardinal to segment the market and decide a particular group that will serve as the object lens market. Moreover, the marketing team needs to reconcile the attributes of products perceived to be ideal by the consumers and the attributes of the products as positive by the company.The other marketing initiatives necessitate the identification of the price, promotion, product, and place. Mixing these aspects will improve the marketing strategies of the company. It is controlling that Marks and Spencer needs to take advantage of its strengths and limit the negative effects of its weaknesses. Marketing ideas allow to be done using creativity with the inclination to use the fundamental tools and concepts.T he growth in the UK nutrient sell industry has been unprecedented. Amidst the geographical limitations, UK houses several food retail firms with global distinction. Excluded from this group are the different food retail companies based from the US and the neighbouring European countries. According to the British Retail Consortium (2001), the impact of the food retail industry in the overall economy of UK has been gaining prominence. The figures suggest that the industry has been employing 1.2 million individuals. This translates to more than 5% of the total workforce in UK. Also, the industry is consisted of approximately 60,000 enterprises. Overall, the industry has contributed about 10% of the Gross domesticated Product. Aside from these actual results, the industry continues to flourish with the establishment of policies geared toward competition and favourable market conditions.The sophisticated UK retail market shows variations to styles in relation to the development of p roducts. Despite the failures of some innovations, firms have been optimistic in introducing new products in the market. In particular, food retailers have cited their strengths in marketing as the source of competitiveness. Indeed, the marketing efforts observed in most food retail companies have provided positive outcomes. In particular, firms have sustain highly focused on the consumers instead of satisfying the corporate goals. The marketing strategies promoted by the firms have occasion the determinant of success. It is likely that food retail companies with superior marketing dynamics will emerge as the top player in the industry.In UK, the developments in food production have greatly touch food retailers. Specifically, the changing preference of consumers has defined the direction taken by food retail companies. upstart trends suggest that products that are fruit flavoured will become highly popular in UK. Likewise, UK consumers will be highly receptive to food products w ith distinct yet uncommon combination of flavours. Moreover, functional foods will be highly regarded in the market as well as food that contain low carbohydrates. Basically, UK consumers have become more aware of their food intake because of the hazards attributed to such activity. Health issues and concerns are primary drivers that see consumers in purchasing certain food products. In the beverage sector, beer manufacturers will continue to challenge the wine

Southwest Airlines Case Anaylsis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

S kayoedhwest airline businesss Case Anaylsis - Essay ExampleThey lived up to their dreams since Southwest Airlines now ranks the fourth largest airliner that is operational under the logo LUV on NYSE in the united states of America. Rolling King and Herb Kelleher realised the necessary paperwork to create Air Southwest Co. the name by which the southwest airlines was known. Fol kickoffing the filing of grace by the two pioneers with the FAA, on 20th February, 1968 their plan to fly mingled with the three Texas cities was approved by the Texas Aeronautical Commission.Southwest continued to expand all through the 1980s and 1990s, and by 1993, it was operating between 34 cities in 15 states. This airline progressively expanded across the southwestern states into the northwest, the Midwest, and the state of California. Besides, it ventured into impudently destination in Florida and on the east coast. Owing to the low prices it offers it quickly conquered the markets share it explo red. In accompaniment some competitors were forced to withdraw after Southwest Airlines entered their markets, allowing the company to expand faster than expected (David 1999). For fount when the Southwest Airlines ventured into California market (1990) it quickly scooped 20% of the intrastate market, sending a number of its competitors out of Los Angeles-San Francisco route, thus dominating the route. This happened because they were unable to manage the $59 one-way flight charges, with their $186 one way have it away (Scholes 1999). In late 1994, United Airlines started to make a come back to the west coast routes. They move to launch a low-cost, high-frequency shuttle wait ons to no avail, because even a shuttle could not contest with southwest in a direct battle, as a result United Airline had to relocate its shuttle out of Southwest Airlines routes and to some extent abandon some routes altogether (David 1999). Nowadays a lot of people travel by plane, the airline industr y has hence increased in service provision and even in scope specializing cargo and passenger planes. Southwest Airlines Company ventures in this industry in a unique way providing fairly low priced air transport in everyplace 58 cities across the United States of America. Despite the September 11th terrorist attack, that caused a major blow to the airline industry, the Southwest Airlines Company still persisted when other airline corporations sunk into debts. Based on the information on southwest airliners from News Week and Wall Street Journal, the corporation enjoys steady sales (David 1999). The major depute for their unwavering success is their low-cost model and the knowledge by the competitors that the low prices of southwest are furthest from being matched. Therefore by decreasing the prices even lower, the southwest airline corporation can drudge a company into bankruptcy (Scholes 1999). An outstanding objective of Southwest Airlines involves dedication to top-quality service pitching coupled with a sense of friendliness, persons dignity, hospitality, and company zeal. Among the services the company provides are, short haul, point to point, high frequency, and low fare air transportation between 58 cities in the United States (David 1999). The organization of Southwest Airline Company adopts an upside-down pyramid where the senior management is at the base and

Epidemiology (article analyses) Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epidemiology (article analyses) - Case Study instanceThe aims of the study were to estimate the impact of these risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus-infected population as compared to the general population and to determine the copulation risk death among successfully treated HIV-infected patients without such risk factors (Obe et al, 2011).The sampling frame was based on all Danish HIV-infected patients who started HAART in the period 1 January 19981 July 2009 while the comparison age bracket consisted of individuals matched on date of birth and gender. Only patients who had been on HAART for a period of one social class were included in the study.A major finding of the study was that hazard of survival from age 25 to age 65 was substantially lower in HIV patients confidence interval compared to the comparison age bracket. thither was a signifi kindlet increase in mortality among HIV-infected patients aged 25-65 as compared to the comparison cohort. However, among pat ients not undecided to the three risk factors under consideration, mortality was almost equal to that of the general population comparison cohort for the age group 4565 but doubled for the age group 2545. The hazard of survival at 65 years of age was 0.48 among HIV-infected patients and 0.88 in HIV-free group. However, for HIV patients with no risk factors, the probability of survival at age 65 was 0.86. Generally, it was observed that risk-taking behavior does not automatically result in increased mortality among HIV-patients without other risk factors.The study improves onto the general thought that proper management of HIV can substantively reduce mortality rates among HIV-infected persons. However, cormobidity as well as other risk factors as well as alcohol/drug abuse can increase mortality in HIV-infected patients on HAART. In conclusion, although HIV-infected patients on HAART still have higher mortality rates, the presence of other risk-factors, which can be identified ear ly, further inflate this risk. Consequently,

Financial implications of disaster management Case Study

Financial implications of disaster management - Case Study ExampleThis root word discusses all the financial aspects of disaster management in the context of organizational settings. Donor Fatigue with the planetary economy still in the doldrums and recovery al for the most part uncertain, major donor countries are this instant often reluctant to give bigger amounts although the s tutelage countries pledge much larger donations but lie with up short with the actual monies. Series of successive natural calamities had likewise depleted the financial resources of most donors and there is a feeling of fatigue among them, of constantly sending aid with little results. The governmental aid sent by developed countries are now often supplemented by private donors. Non-governmental organizations which are mostly private initiatives essential now realize that a fountain of goodwill is not unlimited and must therefore spend their financial resources well. When the next disaster strikes, there might not be plenty money for an adequate response. A consequence of donor fatigue is worsening of the situation and drop in funding due to apathy. Politics humanitarian assistance is the usual international response whenever there is a natural calamity or a man-made disaster (such as regional conflicts and genocidal wars).

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example for Free

The yellowish Wallpaper EssayThroughout the reflect of literature, it is believed that most works cannot be fully understood without a biographical strategy. In order to cause a work, the reader must understand the authors look and experiences to grasp the full idea of that work. In Charlotte Perkins Gil universes short report The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman uses symbolism, personification, and other literary tools to portray the way women were treated throughout this particular era. Gilman also uses a romanticism approach when writing The Yellow Wallpaper. The bank clerk believes that the cleaning lady trapped in the wallpaper, corresponds her and all the other women living in the male dominant society. romanticism represents an art for arts sake. Born in 1860, Charlotte Perkins Gilman was forced into an era of male supremacy. Gilman was abandoned by her produce from infancy and often left(p) into the care of relatives including Harriet Beecher Stowe and feminist activ ists, Isabella Beecher Hooker and Catherine Beecher. Strong and influential women, struggling for their distance in a male dominant world, shaped Gilmans childhood.The women made Gilman an independent young lady, article of faith her importance of exercise and philosophy, over that of clothes and jewelry. At the age of 24, Gilman married her first husband, Charles Walter Stetson. afterward having her lady friend the next year, Gilman went into a deep depression. The noted neurologist, S. Weir Mitchell, examined her. He told her to follow his rest cure of complete merchantman rest and limited intellectual activity. This meant no writing. Gilman realized that this ridiculous cure was actually driving her more than(prenominal) insane, so she removed herself from Mitchells care.When her wellness got better during a trip to California she paired her emotional problems to her marriage ceremony and decided to leave her husband. In 1900, Gilman married for the second time to her cous in George Houghton Gilman. Gilman continued her feministic journey until discovering she was diagnosed with detractor Cancer. She left a final note that read, When one is assured of unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to require a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one. Charlotte Perkins Gilman took her life on August 17, 1935, in Pasadena, California, at the age of 75.Gilmans main intent in The Yellow Wallpaper, is to portray the way women were viewed and treated during this time period. In the later 19th century, men were the superior race. Women oftentimes went from being born into a house with a father to being married rancid to psyche they werent exactly happy to be with, leaving no time for a adult female to experience life without someone in-charge of them. Gilman did not want to be like other woman of this time, she redefined womanhood, proclaiming that men and women were to be equal.This tonic woman was to be an inte lligent, well-informed, and well-educated free thinker, the creator and expresser of her witness ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties, and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would share the solitude of the hearth. Finally, the new woman was to be as informed, assertive, confident, and influential as she was compassionate, nurturing, loving, sensitivea woman of the world as well as of the kinsperson.Gilmans vision of an autonomous female challenged not only the traditional cult of true womanhood nevertheless the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, capitalism, and democracy. (De Simone) The Yellow Wallpaper, starts off with the main character, Jane, talking of a colonial mansion, that happen uponms to be a place to vacation. Gilman gives detail of this set-back home that almost gives the reader an eerie feeling, which foreshadows events to come.When Jane starts to describe her husband, she gives the sense that he mocks her and he often laughs at her. This symbolization gives insight to her own life where she often felt mocked and taken for granted by men. As the story goes in deeper, Jane tells that she is going to the house because of the rest care she was prescribed, very similar to that of Gilmans. When they get to the house, Jane enables the reader to see the room with the yellow wallpaper. The windows were barred and there were restraints on the bed and she tells of walk outes on the walls and ceilings.Jane believes that this room could have been a nursery or a babysitting room, but this does not make sense because when Jane reaches out to scratch the walls, she can barely even touch. How could a young child have ever reached if Jane, a openhanded woman, could not? As time goes on, Jane gradually learns to enjoy the room she is staying in, except for the dreaded yellow wallpaper. After being in the r oom for so coherent and dwelling on the wallpaper, Jane discovers someone trapped rump it. Jane believes she is getting better in health, but secretly is becoming obsessed with the woman, or so she believes, bottom the wallpaper.Throughout the story, Gilman uses the romanticism approach. Romanticism expresses sensibility and passion. A romantic writer incorporates symbols, myths and images in their writing to swear out tell the story. Jane recognizes herself as the women trapped in the wallpaper. She believes that it symbolizes her feeling trapped in the house and under the stamp down of her husband. She uses the Gilman tells of the room with barred windows and restraints as if it were a normalcy. Reading more into the story, the reader can gather that Gilman was symbolize this room as a woman in a mans world.The windows are barred, exhibit that there is no escape from that way, as there is no escaping a man in the universe. The restraints symbolize that a man can hold a woman back, along with keeping her close so that she doesnt wander off. The idea of the woman pussyfooting behind the paper mirrors Jane creeping to write, while being told that it is not recommended for her treatment. Although the ideas may be far out, the story that Gilman tells reflects her own life in many ways. When Gilman introduces the woman behind the wallpaper, its almost as if she is introducing herself into the story.Jane possesses many qualities and characteristics that Gilman portrayed in her own life and when Jane sees the woman in the wallpaper, its just like Gilmans conflict with her own mind. It symbolizes a womans want to break away from society and be her own person in this world that has a complete control over her. Whether its a father, husband, or even brother, this time period centre on males first. The woman was told what to do and how to act and there was no room left for questions or disobedience. Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be.You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am more quiet than I was. John is so pleased to see me improve He laughed a small the other day, and said I seemed to be flourishing in spite of my wall-paper. (Gilman 165) This quote displays Janes new obsession with the wallpaper and the thought that she is truly getting better. The fact that she mentions Johns happiness with her health leads the reader to think that he is a caring man, but after understanding Gilmans own life, makes the reader see him as the domineering husband that he is. Ive got out at last, said I, in spite of you and Jane.And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time This last quote is one of the most meaningful parts of the good short story. While saying this, Jane makes herself become the woman in the wallpaper. Not on ly is it just a thought anymore, but when she lashes at her husband by saying you and Jane, Jane loses her sense of identity and takes on the consumption of the woman behind the wallpaper.She tells him that he cannot put her back, symbolizing that Jane does no longer want to be placid to the room, nor him. Even after he faints, he is still in Janes way, leaving her to creep well-nigh him still. Even while considering herself a writer, and implying that she could have been a notable artist, throughout her life, Gilman qualified her artistic achievements by insisting that what she had done was perfect of its kind, but not art that she was devoted to literature and lecturing, but that her writing was not, in the artistic sense, literature. (Heilmann) Gilman was an impeccable example of what happens when a womans potential is seen over. She led a prosperous life and her work has helped the female race raise awareness of their capability in life. Although Gilman lived a long time ago , her work then has given females today a better understanding of where they have been, but also where they are going.

Langston Hughes Essay Example for Free

Langston Hughes EssayLangston Hughes had become matchless of the most resounding names in American Literature. Of course, the primary reason for his success would be his happy use of words and the message he wants to convey. However, his racial profile could afford also come into playfulness in his popularity. But no one could deny the talent of Hughes in his work. His works display conglomerate design and a significant message such as on Salvation. Langston Hughes had become one of the outdo known writers because the messages that he wants to convey are of great value to the society, particularly the value of creation steep of ones race. He was born into a relatively large family wherein he had eight siblings. His parents had isolated and he had to be taken in by his grandmother. Unfortunately, his grandmother died and again he had to be taken in by family friends. This unstable custody of Langston Hughes could direct us to the assumption that he did not plump a happ y childhood. Although, it could also lead us to the assumption that his unstable childhood had pro imbedly influenced him to be writer later in life.At a very young age, Langston Hughes was seemingly being skilful unknowingly by the people around. As a child, he used to listen to the black American oral tradition of story ordinateing. His young mind was inculcated with the value of race to an individual. As the young Langston Hughes develops consciousness closely the things that are happening around him, he is introduced to the bitter realities of life. During Hughes time, racism is a prevalent problem of the society.This grimace of his biography is one of the most likely reason why Langston Hughes had become a writer. His passion to fend for racism is one of the main driving force of his writings. His first poem was titled Crisis, which was published in 1921. The concept of salvation had captivated the mind of Langston Hughes. And in relation to his writing, he may have wanted to convey how people like him, who experiences racism, experience real salvation. His works seemingly suggests that salvation could be found from within ones self.His messages for the young people are seemingly a call for being saved from the oppression set against them by the society. If Langston Hughes did not become a writer, it is likely that he would have become a full time activist against racial discrimination. His concern for the society, especially for Black Americans is something that eve he could not dismiss easily. One of his best known work is on the poem The negro Speaks of Rivers. From the title alone, the readers are already hinted that this poem would be about race, as hinted by the term Negro. Although at that place could be multiple readings about the poem, the point is that it is a beautiful poem. Hughes may have wanted to tell the world that Black Americans are just as good as any race in terms of poetry. The poem is like Hughes statement that dares racists t o say to question if Black Americans could write beautiful poems. in all in all, Langston Hughes had become of the best known writers because he had become the voice for the underrepresented black community. In many another(prenominal) respects, he had introduced the black community to the world.

Did Charles I Succeed in Implementing Royal Absolutism Essay Example for Free

Did Charles I Succeed in Implementing Royal Absolutism auditionI succeed in implementing royal tyranny during the period of Personal Rule? Royal absolutism is a state of g everywherenment whereby the monarch rules supreme, with virtually no legislative power placed in other organisations such as Parliament. For the race of England in the 1630s, it was a very real threat. After the dissolving of Parliament in 1629, Charles I embarked on his Personal Rule. Without analysing whose fault the breakdown in relations was, it was belike the only thing Charles could do in the circumstances. Certainly, no dialogue with Parliament was possible.After 1629, the country became curiously distrustful of the faggot. Charles conundrum was he was an inept ruler whose belief in such ideas as the foretell Right of queens and Royal Prerogative meant that he did not moderate his beliefs publicly. England needed stability, the Continent was a very real threat at the time, and England needed a monarch to represent England and its peoples principles. Unfortunately, Charles was not the right person. there is much debate over the legitimacy of the image Charles attempted to portray during Personal Rule.Evidence suggests Charles was simply a collector of fine arts, and simply wished to add lustre to his monarchy. The counter-argument is that paintings of Charles, the most famous of which were created by European artist Van Dyke, were presenting Charles as a divine king, implementing absolutism with images of the King atop large horses, looking out over his kingdom. Did Charles exercise these artworks to transform his public images, lend majesty to his material attributes and glorify sovereigny? His clothes were often flamboyant, portraying wealth and royalty. His face, calm and relaxed, implying that the King is laid back and in control.This lack of emotion can also portray Charles a s a cool, calm and hive away person, who has no trouble maintaining his vast Kingdom. The Court was the central point for Charles rule, a model for a improve government and state. It was a microcosm of the Kingdom Charles mean to create and maintain. An example of uniformity and conformity at its finest. In his Court, Charles had made significant changes the Court was now a completely different place to that of his fathers, crowd together. James allowed his court to be free, letting people goes wherever and whenever they wanted. Charles kept a suppressive rule over his using strict discipline.The court was disorganised under James. Charles replaced it with a formal regime, a model for object lesson restraint. Following a predominantly Revisionist view, Charles Court was simply a reflection of his strongly developed artistic sense. It portrayed an insistence on virtues of peace, despite the war. Possibly more than whatsoeverthing else, Charles government during the Personal Rule revealed his absolutistic intentions more than anything else, starting with the pri vy Council, a group of the Kings selected advisors, whos key job was to shape the Monarchs wishes into policy. Despite Revisionists (such as D.L Smith) believing that Charles wished to use the council to implement a far ambit reformation of government, it was used for a much greater purpose. It was used to remove the need for Parliament, deviation him in full control. He ruled this council with an authoritarian temperament, implying that he even strived for complete control in his own Council. The more powerful courts (also known as the Prerogative courts) were made up of the Star bedchamber and the Chamber of High Commission were more powerful than the local or royal courts that would deal with the day to day matters of the Kingdom.These courts would allow Charles to bypass regular laws and decisions made by lower down courts, in direct for him to get his own way. Charles had complete control over the Government during his personal rule, and was blatantly portraying the charact eristics of an absolutist monarch. Charles financial innovations during his personal rule were an attempt to gain independence, No longer needing funds from Parliament would be one step closer to becoming absolute.People may argue that Charles simply needed the money to pay off large debts, also an attempt to neutralise the on-going feud with Parliament. His policies during this time were extremely absolutist. A good example of this is ship money, making it mandatory for all citizens to pay a tax that goes towards reenforcement ships to protect the coasts. The problem was that as well as the people living on the coasts paying this tax, people living in central England were also forced to pay it. This was surely an unfair venture, and caused mass tartness throughout the country.Religion was a key issue during the personal rule, with several(prenominal) believing Charles decisions regarding Catholicism and the freshly discovered Armenianism to be somewhat controversial. Right fr om the start of his reign, Charles had displayed Catholic sympathies as expressed in Arminianism, which some people called Catholicism under another name. But now with Parliament gone, there was seemingly no-one to hap the Kings beliefs in check and to remind him that England was a Protestant country. The Kings religious beliefs were of special concern thanks to the quick promotion of William Laud, eventually to Archbishop of Canterbury.Laud was an unpopular figure even by the Kings own whizs. Those opposing the King detested Laud for his Arminian reforms in the Church of England. Unfortunately for Charles, this did tend to unite people against him. The problem was that Puritans and Calvinists who opposed the Arminian innovations had good reason to be concerned. Lauds changes were very Catholic in nature, including repositioning the communion table so that staunch Puritans would say that the minister is blocking the route to God.Laud tried to raise the office of the clergy so th at they were equal to any gentleman in England. He ordered that the private pews of the gentry that slump them apart from the rest of the congregation be removed. This humiliated them. Arminianism was such an ambiguous idea that, while it was slip away that it had many similarities with Catholicism, it was not clear whether it could be compatible with the Church of England. This question was raised directly in 1634 when the Pope offered Laud the position of Cardinal.Of course Laud refused (if he had have a bun in the ovened, there is no doubt that England would throw been thrown into turmoil), but his refusal was not strongly enough worded he said that he could not accept Rome as it is. This seemed to suggest too many Puritans that Laud was intent on moving towards Catholicism, or at least Catholicism independent of Rome. It is important to realise that Laud was a key supporter of Charles and that any criticism levelled at Laud was also at Charles. Laud was the Kings instigator of his religious beliefs.If the King did not believe completely in the principles of the Church of England, this was not a problem that would threaten to form down the Kings rule. The trouble was the nature of Charles religious eccentricity. As already mentioned, it was very Catholic. And Catholicism was widely feared and scorned in England. Charles rule was not confined to England. It could be argued that Charles rule of Ireland and Scotland were even more problematic than the tensions created in his other kingdoms would, ultimately have dramatic damaging consequences on his rule in England.Through Wentworth, Charles intended to rule in the manner in which he hoped to eventually govern England, absolutely, efficiently and without regard to any interest but that of the crown in how own word thoroughly (Clarke. A). Charles also attempted to suck out religious reform to Scotland, which was, in conclusion, rather unsuccessful. After implementing his changes, it was clear to see that Charles was a threat to Scotlands power, and Scotland knew this too.In an extremely absolutist manner, Charles had attempted to revoke many titles to Scots crown and church lands that Scottish nobles had acquired since 1540. To conclude, Charles was most definitely an Absolutist leader. He strived for financial independence during his rule, following countless feuds with the English Parliament. His councils and domiciliate were able to bypass common law, therefore rendering him all powerful in that aspect. A befriend aspect was his court, which was a direct microcosm of what he believed his kingdom should be, a place of conformity and uniformity.Had Charles been successful in his reforms in Ireland and Scotland, he may have pursued to become more powerful, though the revolution curtly ended his reign of mediocrity. Most monarchs labelled as absolutist had no greater power to those who were non absolutist. Was absolutism simple a label used to emphasise difference between the rh etoric of monarchs and the realities of the effective use of power by these monarchs? Perhaps. The on-going question of Charles absolutist intentions will be never have a definitive answer.

Department of Defense Essay Example for Free

division of exculpation EssayEffective organization perplexity is determined by the level and quality of public transaction employed by the leadership in it. This has mainly been the case due to the conduce demand for organizations to resurrect their images to the external world upon which they rely on. Of greater importance are the services industries which handlely rely on the consumers perceptions of their services as opposed to direct supply of products.Being considered as a direct infixed agreement to activate their system for external image, most of the leaders have been strongly embarking on it to fit higher returns for their organizations. Such has been the case with the (DoD) Military Public Affairs system which has greatly tried to amalgamate itself with the community via offer of different services and direct interlink with them. Community transaction objectivesArguably, ethical demands are considered to be intrinsically derived and externally displayed with emphasis on cohesive relations between organizations and the public. Therefore, it originates from the core of the management and effected by the established systems. In the theory of public relation ethics, Albert Sullivan argues that public relations involves a direct internalized system which is expressed externally via direct activities and interlink with the public (Pearson, 1999).Pearson continues to say that ethics incur with the peoples minds that must conceptualize it to become part of their system. Military Public Affairs has internalized the system by inculcating it to the immediate internal network necessary to develop the correct culture for the DoD. The Department emphasizes on its commitment to fostering good relations on mutually acceptable terms with the public, at home, and overseas on which the forces depends on.Of greater importance is the emphasis by the DoD on the need for holistic adherence to human dignity and sanctity at all times (Department of Defe nse (DoD), 2007). Though military specialists have been calling for less intricacy of the military with the public issues, the department has defied odds and ensured direct port upon which the public have increasingly been informed on the roles and duties of the department in relation to their security and that of the world(prenominal) community.Besides, the policies of the Department of Defense have increasingly been taught to the public and opened for direct criticism as advantageously as possible recommendations on improvements for the same. Direct support and integration with the community According to Russel (1966), human actions and desires are direct reflections for the sense of mind which is often used to denote the best possible consideration that would guarantee highest returns for them. However, this has been a major center for conflicts between the people and their systems in the society.Russel ethics indicates that external consideration is of eye for extended bene fits. However, scholars have argued that care should be taken to reduce the negative effects that result from the actions perceive to be good. As a result, the Department of defense has been supporting organizations through loans and fund-raising. The head of DOD fixings Command may provide a limited basis for equipments and logistical support to needy organizations peculiarly those dealing with humanitarian services (Department of Defense (DoD), 2007).Besides, the Department officers have been offering voluntary support to these benignant organizations during their off duty periods to boost their development and human services capacity. The department also offers selective benefits and prejudiced treatment to specific organizations especially those in military operation regions. To ensure it commits itself to part the community, the department dissociates itself from involvement and support to partisan political activities (Center and Jackson, 1995).Therefore, this assists it to be highly impartial and more effective in serving the community. Increased information and coordination with the public By the time Pearson wrote down the Public relations theory, it was clear that massive criticism had strongly risen on the implication of truth and direct impacts that resulted from its revelation. However, Pearson regards to truth as the direct mirror that indicates an individual or an organizations consideration necessary for establishing the correct picture is pasted in the respondents minds for making the correct decisions.Joint civilian meetings and instantaneous meetings with the management served as a direct platform for the system where most people were able to change their minds about the military as rise as improve the direct interlink with the system (Department of Defense (DoD), 2007. Through this system, most people had benefited from assistance scheme of the department. Recently, strong appraisals have been posted to the department for ensuring increased information to the community as it straightaway provides the officers to the department. ConclusionEffective organization management is determined by the level and quality of public relations employed by its management and leaders. Arguably, this has been the main premises that the department of defense has embarked on to ensure advance and effective disposal of its duties. Previously, there was strong misconception between the people regarding the role of military until the DoD go in to clear its image. The direct interlink of the department by giving back to the community has not only raised the confidence of the people to the system, but also improved the general utility of the department.Organizations should compete to establish better interlink with their consumers and public. Reference List Center, A. and Jackson, P. (1995). Public relations Practices, Upper Saddle, N. J. Prentice Hall. Department of Defense (DoD), (2007). Department of defense directive Public Affairs Relation Policy, Washington DoD. Russel, B. (1966). The elements of ethics philosophical essays. London Longmans, Green. Pearson, R. (1989). Sullivan Theory of public relations Ethics. Public relations review. XV(1989)52-62.

The Hobbit Questions Essay Example for Free

The Hobbit Questions Essay1. The first three chapters reveal Bilbos ordinary world, how he is comfortable and relaxed with his same old life, and so the c each(prenominal) to adventure, when Gandalf shows up and asks Bilbo for his help and Bilbos refusal of the call, and meeting with the mentor was when all the dwarves and Gandalf took over Bilbos domiciliate, then the aurora after the crossing the first threshold is revealed when Bilbo leaves his ho enjoyment and town accompanying the dwarves into the new mysterious world. 2. The hit man Bilbo Baggins, he is the main character, The Hobbit. Mentor Gandalf, he is very wise, he guides and helps Bilbo. 3. Bilbos ordinary world is his house and town, and Bilbo crossing the threshold is when he enters the unknown world, which is when he accompanies the dwarves without proper preparation and encounters his first enemies, the trolls.4. Smaug, The Shodow, is introduced in the dwarves fabrication as the dragon that drove all the d warves out of their mountain and claiming their treasure. Smaugs flaming breath put up scorch a city, his huge wings john carry him great distances, and his armor-like hide is almost impenetrable. Smaug can also speak and possesses a dark, ironic sense of humor. 5. At Chapter one, in Bilbos Ordinary human food wasnt the issue at all, Bilbos little party had lots of food and everyone ate. At Chapter 2 food was very limited and was hard to find. Chapter 51. I believe that Gollum is the Shapeshifter, he force not change his look still he is two-faced, as if there are 2 populate in his little body, which disrupts Bilbo from his adventure. 2. In Chapter 5 Bilbo is alone without Gandalf or the dwarves to assist him and he has to deal with Gollum all by himself. This helps Bilbo transform and grow into a smarter, more courageous and confident little Hero by making his own decisions the right decisions, for example he couldve killed Gollum but he felt bad and permit him live. 3. The Hobbit is a childrens story and since Chapter 5 seems to be a dark scary place Tolkien had to use something to enlighten the mood and he used riddles and he made Gollum have almost like 2 sides, a good and bad side.Up to Chapter 141. Bilbo had to overcome trolls in the forest, goblins in the misty mountains cavern, Gollum in the tunnels bellow, the goblins Wargs chasing the group down, giant spiders in Mirkwood, being then captured by the wood elves, dealing with Smaug in his lair. 2. In the beginning Bilbo Baggins is very home-sick, he wanted to be back in his ordinary world, but the Took in him made him want to continue with the journey. After every challenge, enemy or problem Bilbo overcame he became smarter, making better decisions, confident and courageous, making him less scared to move forward and fair, being lovingness towards all.3. Bilbo was hired to be a burglar and most of the work party thought of him being useless although he ended up being far more than that, he sav ed his crew countless human body of times from their enemy, he also was doubting himself a whole bunch in the beginning, he then overcame one problem at a time, building his inner confidence, and without Bilbo and his perks (the ring, his fairness and decision making skills) his crew wouldve gone nowhere.

Effects of Global Warming on Animals Essay Example for Free

Effects of Global Warming on Animals EssayIn the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated various environmental campaigns to in stages resolve the increase impacts of temper change towards the environment (Silverstein et. al. , 2003 p. 5). The publics increased attention to such problem is not any longer surprising as it threatens every creature with potentially devastating consequences. However, the subjects of brute health have legitimate lesser attention comp bed to the economic, industrial and social impacts of climatic changes brought by global warming (Sherman, 2002 p. 204).According to Root, toll and abidance et al. (2003), the primary concern of ecologists is the speedy increase of climatic change consistently altering the inhering ecology of wildlife in various ecosystems. Based on the annual measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide (ACO) concentrations, cardinal major signals depicting dramatic bionomic patterns have been observe d, namely (1) seasonal cycle that reflects the metabolism of everyday ecosystems in the northern hemisphere, and (2) accelerating increase in tropospheric concentrations of ACO since 1957 (Vitousek, 1994).As supported by various studies (Root, toll and Hall et al. , 2003 Vitousek, 1994 Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008), global warming effects, namely (1) increases in temperature, (2) alteration of food chains, and (3) atmospheric gas imbalances, dramatically affect the conditions of animal kingdom. II. Literature Review a. Global Warming Ecological Imbalance The basic pattern of global warming consists of the accumulation of radiation energy from the sun resulting to the warming of the planets resurrect (Houghton, 2004 p. 14).Based on 688 published studies on global warming, the three major environmental impacts affecting the ecological systems of animals and plants are (1) temperature changes, (2) alterations of animal symbiotic relationships, and (3) imbalances i n the atmospheric gases (Tylianakis, Didham and Bascompte et al. , 2008). Based on the study of Root, toll and Hall et al. (2003), global temperature has increased to approximately 0. 6 degree C since 1880s, and projected to increase consistently with the glide slope generations.The continuous alterations of climate may be due to the three following reasons (1) sunspot cycles, (2) volcanic eruptions producing spacious quantities of fine ash in the air, and (3) the occurrence of El Nino Southern Oscillation (Gupta, 1998 p. 86). In the literary reviews of Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003) using 143 different studies, majority of the studies reveal the endangering situations of approximately 80% of species that are now gradually adjusting to various ecosystems due to the physiological constraints brought by ecologic changes. In fact, according to the study of Thomas, Cameron and Green et al.(2004), animal habitats and survival expectations have been altered by the effects of global warming increasing the projected experimental defunctness risks to approximately 20% among the sample ecosystems, namely Queensland, Mexico, South Africa, Amazonia and Europe. b. Increases in Temperature With the advent of modernization, auto engines, power plants, industrial mills, and residential heating systems burn coal, oil, or natural gas accounting to 98% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere, plot the other 2% id due to the increased deforestation and mining (Tomera, 2001 p. 113).According to Root, Price and Hall et al. (2003), rapid temperature increases and ecological stresses brought by the alterations of ecosystems are disrupting the natural communities of various species, which lead to forced adaptations of species, numerous extirpations and possible extinctions. As supported by the study of Pounds, Bustamante and Coloma et al. (2006), one example of massive animal extinctions occurred in the mountains of Costa Rica wiping 67% of the various 110 species of A telopus, such as harlequin frog (Atelopus Sp. ) and golden toad (bufo periglenes) and pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), which are endemic to American tropical habitats. In a study conducted by Penuelas, Fillela and Comast (2002), life cycles in a Mediterranean environment (Cardedeu, NE Spain) has been observed from 1952 to 2000 in order to determine possible alterations in the ecosystems and increasing climate changes. With the temperature increase amounting to ?1. 4 degree C (1952 to 2000), results reveal significant phonological alterations among the different species of animals (e. g. rebound migratory birds arriving 15 days later in 2000 compared 1952, etc. ). Noting the mentioned temperature increase in the latter study, Hanson, Sato and Ruedy (2006) notify that a relative increase of ? 1 degree C is likely to affect the sea levels and kill various species. c. Symbiotic Relationships Predisposing Species Extinction Temperature, climate, and gas imba lances are the leading global warming effects altering the different levels of ecologic symbiosis.The rise of global temperature affects the geographical distribution of ectothermic animals, decomposers and mostly those with lesser caloric tolerance (Portner, 2001). For example, thermally intolerant metazoans and other decomposers have markedly shown increase mitochondrial oxygen demand analog to the rise of temperature, which resulted to the reduction of their population (Portner, 2001). Using species-area and endemic-area relationships, Malcolm, Liu and Neilson et al.(2006) have identified the projected percent extinctions of sample biodiversities (Cape Floristic Region, Caribbean, Indo-Burma, Australia, and tropic Andes, etc.) ranging from 1 to 43% of the endemic biota (averaging to 11. 6%). Various etiologies derived from disrupted ecological symbiosis rationalize these projections. Most commonly, the imbalance atmospheric gases and high temperature result to the increased g rowth of plants with insufficient nutrition brought by low organic property of soil (Kirschbaum, 1995).With the low-nutrient composts, decomposers may gradually decrease disrupting the normal ecosystem-level cycling (Vitousek, 1994). In addition to decomposer disruptions, the study of Kirschbaum (1995) has suggested a marked loss of over 10% of organic soil for every 1 degree C increase in temperature due to the dramatic destruction of temperature-sensitive organic decomposers in different regions globally. These data implies that the increasing trend of temperature rise and gaseous imbalances can dramatically contribute to the extinction of different species.

American Involvment in World War I Essay Example for Free

the Statesn Involvment in public state of contend I EssayThis investigation assesses American exponentiation in World struggle I in advance war machine intervention, and how this led to forces intervention. In order to assess these causes, one essential examine Americas involvement in the war before combat, the events that launched Americas military intervention in the war, American sen sentencents about the war before military intervention, and Woodrow Wilsons bring throughs before the war.Two sources used in the essay, Americas Great War World War one and the American friendship by Robert H. Ziegler and Woodrow Wilsons speech to congress on April 2nd, 1917 are evaluated for their origins, values, purposes and limitations. The investigation does non asses the pre-war situations of either countries but the get together States, and does not asses American military involvement during the First World War Summary Of Evidence former to 1917, America was already deeply involved in the First World War, though they did not take aim troops fighting in the trenches overseas. First, American involvement in the war was purely as a producer and creditor to the associate Powers.The war, while catastrophic for the countries involved in its atrophied trench battles, provided America with an astronomic boost to its economy, from 2 billion dollars in exported materials in 1913 to n archaean 6 billion dollars in exports in 1916. This stinting boom was mainly brought on by Britains dependency on American foodstuffs and construct goods.. The economic ties between America and Britain tightened with public subscription loans. By 1917, Britain had borrowed 2. 7 billion dollars from American creditors.Historian capital of Minnesota Koistinen wrote Without American supplies, Britain could not continue the war without American financing of almost 10$ million a day Britain would exhaust its reserves of gold and securities by March 1917. Its dependence was total. Cutting back procural . . . would produce disaster in England Originally, America did nothing but reap the reward of soggyity. When Americas turned their eyes to the stage of war in Europe, they were truly terrified. One Chicago newspaper joked A accessible vote of thanks to Columbus for having discovered America.This sen clock timent was echoed by many American citizens, who showed disdain in President Woodrow Wilsons decision to declare America a neutral state in the war. Americans thoughts on the war lied in their bloodlines, as a majority of Americans were descendants from either assort or Central Powers nations. Most Americans, early in the war at least, didnt understand the war or why it was being fought, and were glad that America wasnt involved. How eer, these robust Anti-Involvement sentiments began to slicing after whitethorn 7 1915, the day of the Lusitania crisis.German U-Boats torpedoed and sunk a passenger liner in British waters, violent death nearly 1,200 civi lians, including 128 American citizens. The murder of these innocents set off the first widespread pro war feelings in Americans. This outrage was justified, but was also heightened by yellow journalism that demonized Germans as barbarians and deranged killers. President Woodrow Wilson, winning note of this event and the outrage it caused, warned the Germans that any further violation of American rights would result in hard Accountability for these actions.This, as well as the bloody war dragging on in Europe, brought up the question of military preparedness in the United States. By 1916, pro-preparedness sentiment was widespread, as 135,000 supporters of expanding the military marched on New York Citys 5th Avenue, for 12 hours. In Chicago, 130,000 telephone operators moved in the make for of an American flag, goose-stepping down State Street. In the election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson ran against Charles E. Hughes, who was backed by Theodore Roosevelt, former president and undevia ting Allied Powers supporter, as well as an advocate for military preparedness.Woodrow Wilson won the election by only if about 600,000 fashionable votes. However, these sentiments were met with an equally strong anti-militarism force, saying that in a chaotic world, America must be a beacon and resist entrance into war, and resist edifice an enormous military. Strong anti-militaristic sentiments began to fade when British intelligence officers intercepted a telegram sent from Foreign Secretary of the German Empire Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador of Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. This infamous intention, known as the Zimmermann note, proposed that Mexico wage war against the United States.Throughout Americas neutrality in World War 1, President Wilson had acted as a mediator, but with tension building to a terminal level and with the Zimmermann note, Wilson was forced to ask congress to bolster Americas military forces on April 2nd 1917. Later in the same year, America sent its first military forces oversees military rank Of Sources Robert H Zieger Americas Great War World War One and the American Experience Origins- (2000) Zieger is a respected labor historian Purpose- Provides an in-depth look at American involvement in the war.Value- The economic statistics and quotations from various primary and warrantary sources allow the reader to evaluate the validity of the claims Zieger makes. Limitations- does not provide any new opinions or claims Woodrow Wilson, April 2nd 1917 to congress to persuade congress to bring the United States Origin- German foreign actions towards the United States Purpose- Persuade congress to declare war on Germany and the Central Powers Value- clearly outlined Wilsons reasons for entering war Limitations- doesnt explain the underlying causes of military intervention or pressure from big business to declare war for entryAnalysis Americas involvement in World War One began with producing vital weapons and foodstuffs for the Allied Powers, as well as economically supporting the Allied nations governments. Throughout the war, the German Empire repeatedly acted belligerently towards the neutral United States, sinking passenger lines, killing American civilians. Tension with Germany also rose after the proposal to Mexico asking the Mexican army to wage war on the United States.These belligerent German acts, however, would not have held as much effect as they did if American political opinions had not been shifted by the German actions, the economic pressure of close ties to the Allied nations, or social pressure brought along by duty period political attitudes. These all contributed to tensions growing regarding American military involvement I World War One President Woodrow Wilson was a stalwart counsellor of American neutrality in the First World War for the almost all of the war, but the American political climate at the time forced his hand..He was able to win this election because most voters a t the time had pro-neutrality sentiments. However, Wilson took into account his slim margin of victory, and the republicans yearning for a prepared military. These yearnings were brought on mainly by the Lusitania sinking. A major proponent for intervention, the previously mentioned Theodore Roosevelt, denounced these acts of the German Empire as acts of piracy. Roosevelts popularity made these statements extremely well heard. This shift in public opinion helped force President Wilsons hand.Americas involvement in World War One before it entry in combat was extremely vital, producing millions of dollars worth of material for Britain and France, as well as financing the war through small loans. This dependency was built by J. P Morgan, who traded nearly 3 billion dollars worth of goods with the allied powers. By 1917, America had invested 2. 7 billion dollars in Britain alone. Historian Paul Koistinens quote regarding British dependency on American trade shows how deeply entrenched A merica was with the wars affairs pre involvement.These statistics show that the allied powers were completely dependent on American economic support American corporations had an immense amount of wealth in the war, and if they Allied powers incapacitated the war, all of their investments would be worth nothing, because the countries that had been responsible for repaying these debts would no longer exist. The war was taking a prejudicious toll on the populations of the warring nations, and the war was almost completely atrophied. It was only a matter of time before one side lost, and it was essential to American business that it was the Allied Powers.Had the allied powers lost to the exchange powers, American financers would have lost 2. 7 billion dollars as a whole, 2. 7 billion dollars that were require to give to American business, 2. 7 billion dollars that banks needed to stay in business. Throughout pre-involvement America, as early as the dawn of the war, so called hyphena ted Americans, had opinions on what side of the war to support, dependent on their country of origin. German-Americans, the largest social group at the time , supported what they thought of as their motherland, Germany, therefore supported the Central Powers.The second largest ethnic group, Irish-Americans, saw Great Britain as an oppressor, therefore were also supporters of the central powers. However, most Americans at the time were still pro-neutrality. A Chicago newspaper, expressing thanks to Columbus, wrote an article on the blessing of the Atlantic Ocean. This was a popular sentiment at the time, and many Americans were proud of Wilsons decision to be neutral. After the sinking of American ocean liner Lusitania the support of neutrality began to fade.Before the Lusitania disaster, however, 92 ships had been sunken by aggressive German action. None of these attacks had gained as much publicity, partially due to the fact that the previous sinkings hadnt been as destructive. Bu t this was also due to the fact that the Lusitania sinking was grabbed onto by yellow journalists. The blood of these bump off victims cries for vengeance. If that cry is unheard, the people of the United States will always bear upon them the stigma of the greatest humiliation ever put upon a nation. Writes a reporter from the Toronto Telegram. President Wilson demanded that German U-Boats stop sinking civilian liners, and if they act to do so, they would be met with military retaliation. This didnt stop Germans from sinking boats, and Wilsons failure to take action against them infuriated Americans. Observing the protests in American cities at the time, one can judge that huge mickle of people were strongly in favor of interventionism.ConclusionThe process of the American military joining the Allied Powers seemed inevitable from the start of the war, but still took hostile action and over reaction to spark military involvement. Americas pre-war economic ties to Europe and Americ as reliance on trade with these nations during the war made Americas involvement with these nations too deep to let them lose the war, therefore forcing combat. Woodrow Wilsons strong stance on neutrality couldnt stand up to the enormous pressure he faced from the people of the United States.

Animal Cruelty Essay Example for Free

Animal cruelness EssayAnimal cruelty is the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or death on an puppet. hostelry has set out a dreadful place for animal(prenominal)s where military personnel can no longer be certain(p) because of their incongruous behaviour. The animals of the world exist for their own reasons they were non made for humans to maltreat and experiment, however, society has become decayed and inhumane. In the rime Foxes among the lamb Ernest G. Moll demonstrates how the farmer poisons the foxes and leaves them to suffer and eventually die. When individuals glance at an animal they judge them as aggressive creatures. The visual poster portrays how animals are innocent and vulnerable creatures to society. The lynx by Rainer Maria Rilke displays how animals should not be locked up in cages. Animal cruelty, the abominable way humans do by animals, reflects our decaying society, one that seems to be losing its humanity due to the sadistic nature of hum ans who lack empathy for others. The poem Foxes Among the lamb portrays how foxes eat the lamb and how the farmer acts in an inappropriate abhorrent way.This behaviour is illustrated through the parable gift which demonstrates the poison that the farmer gives to the foxes to die in a beastly bloodcurdling death. Furthermore the incarnation Half-frightened eagerness of hate presents how the farmer is anxious and determined to kill the foxes and how eager the farmer is to manipulate the foxes. The composers use of alliteration this time then this proves how the farmer had to pause and pay attention to make indisputable that the fox had died. Therefore, humans can no longer be trustworthy among animals because of their antagonistic behaviour which imitates our society.Recognising animal rights will result in an individual having deep respect for animals. The visual poster indicates the innocence of animal and why humans should look after them as well as treat them in a respectful wa y. The background of the poster represents the manifestation of the dog delighted to be free and not stuck in a cage. It also reveals the dog in a park where he could run around and not locked up. The commencement exercise thing an observer sees on the poster is the salience of the dog that looks harmless, healthy and blithe.When the audience beholds this, their set-back impression would be to save these helpless animals. The only thing that animals have done to humans is fitting mans best friend. Finally, close up shot of the dog has been used to show the guiltlessness and exploitation of animals. This effect makes the audience focus their attention on the animals expression, to show the meaning of animals and the way society has become an appalling place for them. Hence, humans have to earn the respect and treat animal just like the way they would like to be treated because animals too have a soul and emotions.Animal cruelty is locking animals in cages and keeping them as capt ives to satisfy and amaze the great unwashed that are sadistic. The poem The Panther conveys how a catamount is locked up in a cage in the zoo to astonish people and how the jaguar feels about having no freedom. The use of imagery in the first stanza his weary glance from passing by the bars, portrays how the panther is tired of looking outside and exhausted of hold for his liberty. Moreover, hyperbole is revealed in only to sink and die within his heart. This emphasis the sadness and reaction of the panthers being lonely.In stanza two the simile The iron bands is like a dance, this emphasis how the panther is aware of everything around him but he just really wants to get out of the cage and be free. Thus, humans should not steal the freedom of animals because they too have the right to live their own life. In conclusion, humans have become violently atrocious and antipathetic that they no longer can be reliable in the animal world. This is evident in the text Foxes among the Lam b, The panther and the visual poster. Continuing to abuse animals and trying to manipulate them will only lead to a decayed society because of our irresponsible actions.

The three Narrators Essay Example for Free

The collar Narrators EssayThe lifeless thing that lay at my feet my posteriordle was nearly burnt out. Frankenstein has made himself detached by abandoning e trulything to create his creature. Mary Shelley develops the theme of isolation in chapter 21 when Victor Frankenstein is placed in prison she has now physically isolated him. Frankenstein is shown as very secluded and distraught I was smite with gloom and misery. Frankensteins closest friend had been killed so his isolation seems to be justified.Shelley apply his self-pity to reflect to evoke the looking that he is al one without a friend no one is there to help so he goes deeper into self pity no one near me soothed me with the gentle voice of love no love life hand supported me. Shelley portrays the deuce as a misunderstood various(prenominal) with caring at shopping centre but wants retribution against Frankenstein. The monster mirrors the actions of a child that had been rejected at birth by its parents. The monster looks to the reader as being destined towards a life of isolation and depression. The monster describes himself as a poor, helpless, miserable wretch.Shelley uses these comments by the monster to evoke the feeling of liberality and make it known to the reader that at that point in the time the monster was feeling rejected and isolated making the monster disordered in self-esteem leading to the statements being made. The monster besides enhances the portrayal of the isolation by admitting he is desolate to the reader making more straight-forward for the reader to identify with the monster and even Mary Shelley as all the characters are related to Shelleys personal experiences during her childhood and adulthood.At the end of chapter 10 when Frankenstein and his monster envision Shelley shows the monster as someone who was willing to make friends among humans. I was benevolent my soul glowed with love and human race but am I not alone, miserably alone? You, my creator abh or me what hope kitty I gather from your fellow creatures, who owe me nothing? To the reader the monster is shown as an isolated individual who has unfairly been abandoned by its father/creator. Frankenstein is shown as his father who has left him to rot therefore enforcing the military unit of isolation the reader feels about the monster.The reader is then made to feel that Victor Frankenstein is to blame for the monsters feelings of isolation. Shelley used this technique to prepare the reader for the monsters narrative view and to start seeing things from the monsters perspective. In conclusion Shelley has been put together to use to several narrative and literal techniques to show the feeling of isolation through all the characters. Shelley very often during the story used the scenery to reflect the emotions of the narrators within the book. The isolation within this book was one of the primary themes contributing to its gothic theme.Shelley uses things she experienced during her experience to create different situations in which isolation and sympathy were portrayed. Shelley (in the book) does not mention the word isolation however using very subtle techniques during the dialogue of the narrators and also scenery description she conveys the emotion fully to the reader about the characters within the story. Show preview sole(prenominal) The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

British Arguments During the Revolutionary War Essay Example for Free

British Arguments During the Revolutionary War EssayThe colonists are broad(a) for one thing complaining. They cry like babies for what just a few cents on their sugar and stamps, when in reality we were HELPING THEM. We made these taxes to defray for the defense of the colonies and to supply the troops. All they do is whine, whine, whine. They go on all day like fools with that idiot saying No taxation without Representation.1764-Sugar be 1765- Stamp ActLittle BratsSomehow these peasants have made us look like the villains in the tragic military issue they call the capital of Massachexercisingtts Massacre. Hey that is one way to put it, but truly they are the ones to be beatified in this whole bloody mess. The idiots started it by harassing some of our own sovereign soldiers, they even through snowballs at our soldiers. How rude?? Oh well, they simply dont have class. Sure, a few of the peasants died but it was simply self-defense.1770- capital of Massachusetts MassacreCa vemenThe Peasants have yet again come up with some crazy antics that even swipe off their outrageous behavior so far. This time they burned down one of our schooners- The Gaspee to be specific. Yes, that is rectify they burned down a ship. How grotesque? Idiots Better yet, cavemen They have no taste act like villagers. They even accused one of our finest commanders who was the captain of the ship- Lt. William Dudingston of being unjust and corrupt. Lies, lies, lies1772- The Burning of The GaspeeA Truly unendurable ActWait for this one, it is truly mind-blowing. Believe it or not, the peasants dressed up as Mohawks Indians and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor. This is a new low even for them. They are real idiots, wasting all that tea. How extremely insusceptible of them? There are many people in this world that could have made a use of that tea. On the bright side, we punished them thoroughly.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods Young People Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Neighbourhoods new-fangled People EssayThe phrase neighbourhood renewal/ novelty relates to a series of computer designs in beat to ascertain topical anesthetic needs and develop ways to deal with poverty and deprivation in the joined Kingdom which be known as Super Output Areas (SOAs). Local ara base initiatives fetch been a universal preliminary to the problems that deprived neighbourhoods have endured in Britain since the 1960s. The majority of programmes at that time were in truth short term and tended to focus on single issues. In the late 1980s an integrated approach was tried. (Imrie and Raco, 2003).Initiatives started to increase in the 1990s and as a result of this, the number of the governance of neighbourhood regeneration came to be characterised by a series of inter united and spatially overlapping partnerships (Imrie and Raco, 2003 85). sweat introduced the neighbourhood renewal scheme plan in 2001, this was a new approach to conf ront mixer exclusion and poverty in the most poorest neighbourhoods in UK. Tony Blair talked ab verboten the purpose of The Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy in his speech to the democracywhere no-one is seriously disadvantage by where they live, where power, wealth and opportunity be in the hands of the many non the few. This action plan is a crucial step in creating one nation, non separated by class, race or where large number live the purpose of the strategy was to narrow the gap between disclosecomes in deprived areas and the rest (Social Exclusion Unit, 20011) The main aims of local based anti-poverty and community development programmes are to fishing gear the issue of social exclusion in the more deprived areas of the country.In relation to British social policy, the term social exclusion is relatively new. The organization has described social exclusion as a shorthand term for what plunder happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems su ch as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family break pop up. (www.socialexclusion.gov.uk).There are many different explanations for social exclusion, and many different factors which add to social exclusion, by examining the different factors programmes can be developed in order to address the problems and try to promote a more viscid community. The individual can contri barelye to social exclusion by the nature of their race, gender, culture, beliefs, disability etc. pretermit of resourcesLack of opportunities to workLearning opportunitiesHealth issuesDecent housingDisruption of family life sentence.Living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods (Haralambos and Holbron, 2004253)Anti-poverty and community development programmes are fannying these areas with improvements in social housing, re-developing existing social housing, increasing cultivation opportunities (such as access to training and grant schemes for students), making health ca re more available, targeting the childlikeer generation to devise on matters that will effect their future, raising the profile of neighbourhoods.One of the projects I am more known with is the original erupt programme (now known as Childrens Centres) and I am going to discuss the strengths and flunk of the core groups.Governments PoliciesIn 2003, the Government make a green paper called E real Child Matters. This was published on base the report into the death of Victoria Climbie. The Green Paper prompted discussions slightly current gos for children, young people and families. There was a wide consultation with staff that worked in childrens services, and with parents, children and young people. Following the consultation, the Government published Every Child Matters the Next Steps, and passed the Children Act 2004.The Act provides a legislative spine for the wider strategy for improve childrens lives. This covers the universal services which every child accesses, and more targeted services for those with additional needs Department of grooming and Skills, Children Act 2004. http//www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreportIndeed, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon brown MP, speaking about child poverty at the Sure lower Conference on 7 July 1999, acknowledges that poverty is a many-sided problem which requires many-sided solutionsFirst, we must tackle child poverty at its source the absence of work, in work poverty and providing increased pecuniary can for families to tackle child poverty, so that by our actions we lift a million and more children out of poverty.Second, what I want to concentrate on today, because improving public services health visitors, nurseries, playgroups, child care, learning take hold in the poorest communities is vital to tackling child poverty, our Sure number 1 programme will invest in young children in areas of greatest need.Third, we must mobilize non just governing body, local and national, but voluntary suffice and community action and in the programmes we are introducing non only in Sure starting but in the New Deal for Communities and our expansion of childcare provision we must mobilize the forces of concern and commiseration in new partnerships to tackle child poverty.Fourth, as David Blunkett has said, we must make sure that all our schools are as good as our best. In the old economy it was possible to survive with the old inequalities an pedagogy system that advanced only the ambitions of the few. http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htmKey achievementsLabour has undertaken the biggest expansion in other(a) years education since 1945 investing 21 billion since 1997.Every three and 4 year old has the right to a free nursery place, which we will extend from 12.5 hours a week to 15 hours by 2010.Since 1997, the number of registered childcare places is up by just aboutwhat 644,000 from a place for one in eight children to one in four children.Delivered nearly 3 ,000 Sure bug out Childrens totals, reaching two million children and their families.Labour has expanded nationally the Bookstart scheme which gives every one and two year old a satchel of books and every three and four year old a treasure chest of books and crayons. http//www.labour.org.uk/early_yearsSure StartSure Start was the Labour Governments programme that aimed to deliver the best start in life for every child. They bring together early education, family support, childcare, health and welfare advice. It aims to develop services in some of the more disadvantaged areas (identified by the dual of deprivation indices. In Sure Start there is a normally a central part where all the team work together to support children and families in the local areas. The sure start programme was initially a ten year programme but was abolished in favour of childrens Centres. The change from Sure Start has not really been noticed and is still referred to as Sure Start.Amid all the hullabaloo about the governments 10-year childcare strategy, one quite momentous change has gone relatively unnoticed the governments much-lauded Sure Start programme has been abolished. N. Glass, The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005The Sure Start centres, provided integrated services including health services and family support services, as well as childcare. The different services that children centres provide for children and families contribute to the Every Child Matters outcomes. Local governing lead in planning and implementing centres.Some of the services I have seen implemented at RoseHill include, support that has been individually tailored to meet the families and their childrens needs such as, parenting assessment, working with families in the home or at the centre based on a one to one basis, providing parenting courses that aim to improve parental skills so improve the life and chances for children. There are also family workers at the centre that deal with over 11s and their families and carers, this service aims to work through problems the family may have and keep the children at their homes with their parents. One big issue the centre faces in relation to families is that of extended families and the centre provides a much needed support framework and advice for children and families that are going through divorce and separation issues, given the families a safe environment to discuss issues and problems. on side this are the other services normally associated with a Children Centre, education courses, healthy eating, reading and create verbally support, I.T. help, employment help such as C.V. writing and interview techniques, and childcare support.Some of the members include bringing up advisersActivities Volunteer co-coordinatorsMidwivesCrche WorkersHealth VisitorsPlay workersSpeech and language therapistChild care advisorsFamily maintain (Social ServicesPEEP WorkersIT TrainersOne of the most important facts that impacted on the programme was t hat the Sure Start programme was not allowed to run its affluent ten years span, and little or no followup evidence was available for analysis, before expansion.With principal responsibility for Sure Start alongside my DfES colleagues, I had to deliberate against its immediate expansion on the grounds that it would be better to accumulate some experience of streamlet it first. (By the October 1999, when I first discussed the scheme with the chancellor there were only two local projects actually running). My arguments did not win the day and in July 2000 the programme was extended to 550 local projects. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 20051The Sure Start programme was very generously funded and when the programme was agreed to be spread around a further 3,500 centres, the money had to come from somewhere. This meant that the generous funding had to be more evenly distributed. This has meant that the centres had very hold in funding and cuts had to be made.Although the Sure Start programme did not continue for the full aforethought(ip) ten year term and lost most of the generous funding, many of the good practice is carried out in the Children Centres that followed the Sure Start initiatives one of which is PEEP.PEEP is an early learning intervention, which aims to contribute towards improving the life chances of children, particularly in disadvantaged areas.It concentrates on supporting parents/carers to develop three particular aspects of learning with their childrenliteracy and numeracy self-assertionlearning dispositionsThe PEEP Learning Together programmefocuses on how to make the most of the learning opportunities in everyday life at home listening, talking, playing, singing, sharing books and having funPEEP supports parents and carersin their role as the first educators of their children. It works with adults about their childrens very early learning. http//www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 some other flaw of the Sure Start centres was that althoug h Sure Start centres were based in deprived areas not all deprived children lived in these neighbourhoods.Because not all disadvantaged children live in deprived areas each small sure start programme could serve only a minority of disadvantaged children those from adjacent areas could not could not participate and local authorities and health agencies were faced with relatively well-financed early years programmes in one part of their field of study and much less well provided areas next door. This was very difficult to handle. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 20051We know that children who grow up in poor families are less potential to reach their full potential, less plausibly to stay on at school, or even attend school, more likely to fall into the dead end of unemployment and poverty as an adult, more likely to become unmarried teenaged mothers, more likely to be in the worst jobs or no jobs at all, more likely to be trapped in a no win situation poor when young, unemployed w hen older. http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/633.htmAnother weakness of the centres is that it involves trying to motivate and empower the local community to identify their needs and participate in the management side of the day to day running. This requires community workers who have good community and social skills to sanction local community members to actively take part. The concerns were that after the ten years were up that the community centres would not have been taken on by the local members and the centres would eventually be closed down.The Childrens Centre at Rosehill was throwerly a Sure Start Centre and the differences are striking. The centre has lost a abundant amount of staff members and the funding has been cut considerably. The workers continue to provide opportunities for the local parents and children so the principles of Sure Start are being maintained. Some of the local projects are working well such as the remedy your garden for food, Further education for par ents, IT sessions, and one particular programme that I am involved with is Without Walls. Without Walls aims to entanglement within the community to bring people together and try out new activities. It aims to break down barriers between people by organising little gaffes and coffee mornings with a view to a residential trip in the near future. The strengths of this project are that it encourages members of the community to mix with different groups within the community and to form a bond between them. Encouraging and empowering people to try different activities in a leisurely and safe environment. The only draw back is that Community Development takes time, patience and enthusiasm.Disadvantaged communities have to be persuaded to participate and their natural suspicious leads them to hang back until there is something to show. Norman Glass Society Guardian, 20051The childrens centre network is still being expanded, and there will be up to 2,500 childrens centre passim the cou ntry. Centers will be established to provide the most disadvantaged areas with links to local childcare networks and air centre Plus. The ten-year strategy for childcare recommends that more local area based and to ensure that services are more accessible.The Strengths of Local based and community development programs areThe strengths of these projects are-Brings diversity to local areasRaises education within the communityBuilds social capitalPromotes a more healthy lifestyleFacilitates more parents to be able to return to workDevelops individual social skillsEncourages participation of community membersPromotes cohesivenessUses a cigarette up approach as opposed to top downCreates Job opportunitiesAttracts other resourcesHas local government involvementThe Limitations of Local based and community development programs areIt doesnt always reach those that vulnerable and excludedResources limited opportunitiesCan cause discrimination over resourcesFunding limitationsCan be difficul t to evaluate/target and identify objectivesTime consumingCan have funding limitationsThe project was aimed at parents to enable them to urge on their children themselves, this in itself can prove difficult as many different cultures, races and societies have different views on what is considered winning parenting. Some of the more successful local projects seen at Rosehill/Littlemore Childrens Centre have been the parenting courses and Baby G, a group set up specifically to target under 25s with young children and childcare courses. This has brought a divers(a) group from the community together and is still successfully recruiting members that might not have attended the centre for various reasons. Again outreach work has enabled this to happen.In conclusion, local based area projects are as successful so long as participation is encouraged and that the projects are based on the communities needs. Community workers must continue to empower local residents to take part and in par t, own the projects themselves in order for it to be sustainable. The most important part of any project is to reach the more vulnerable members of the local tribe this can be achieved by successful outreach work. The success of any local area based projects depends solely on the community workers personal skills and support from local authorities, along with a good community based knowledge. To be able to continue with all the work at Childrens Centres) I believe the projects need more funding to grow and sustain the important work carried out by these centres. Only with more government funding will they survive and be successful.Bibliographies and Referencingwww.socialexclusion.gov.uk, 3rd November 2008Haralambos and Holborn, 2004, Sociology, Themes and Perspective, Sixth Edition, HarperCollins Publishers Limited.Brown, G., (1999) Speech by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown MP, at the Sure Start Conference, 7 Jul. 1999, London HM Treasury (online). http//www.hm-treas ury.gov.uk/633.htm November 3rd 2008Glass, N., 2005 Surely some mistake? Society Guardian 5th January, pg1Glass, N., The Guardian, Wednesday January 5 2005, pg 1http//www.dfes.gov.uk/publications/childrenactreport twentieth October 2008, 10.23amhttp//www.labour.org.uk/early_years 21st October 2008, 10.39amhttp//www.peep.org.uk/section.asp?id=5 20th October 2008, 10.13amImrie, R. and Raco, M. (2003), Urban Renaissance. New Labour, community and urban policy. Bristol, The Policy Press