Summary notes for the updated syllabus 2004-2005, Blueprint of life and Maintaining a balance.

Characteristics of enzymes:

XAre made up of proteins

XAre catalysts, as they speed up the place of chemic reactions.

XRemain unchanged at the end of the reaction.

XAre needed in only small cadences.

XAre highly specific: bingle enzyme catalyses one type of reaction.

XWork best under certain(p) optimum conditions of temperature and pH.

Role of enzymes:

Enzymes be organic catalysts. A catalysts is a general term for all substance that speeds up or brings about a chemical change without itself being used up in the reaction.

They lock all the chemical processes of invigoration systems. Enzymes are produced within living cells. Most metabolic processes would not occur at an effectual rate without enzymes. An efficient rate of metabolism is necessary for purport processes to occur.

A model for enzyme specificity:

The effect of temperature, pH and substrate intentnesss on enzyme activity

Temperature --- Enzymes separately have an optimum temperature for activity. Enzymes can be destroyed by high temperatures.

pH --- pH is a way of describing the acidity of a substance. Changing pH from the optimum reduces the enzymes activity.

Substrate concentration --- substrate concentration means the amount of compound present that the enzyme catalyses. Beyond certain substrate concentrations, the rate of reaction is limited by the amount of enzyme.

First hand investigations:

Temperature - the experiment into the effect of temperature on the digestion of protein (cooked egg white) by the digestive enzyme pepsin.

If the enzyme pepsin has acted on the protein, the cooked egg white becomes a cash in ones chips liquid.

Placing 4 test tubes in beakers of water at distinguishable temperatures - 0.c, 37.c, 50.c, 100.c. Shake each test tube from time to time. go on that only the egg white with the temperature 37.c has become a fresh liquid.

Homeostasis = staying the same

Is the process by...

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